Use of GLP-1 Agonists (Semaglutide and Liraglutide) and the Risk of Psychiatric Adverse Events
Evidence from Clinical Trials and Observational Studies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47224/revistamaster.v11i21.857Keywords:
GLP-1 receptor agonists, Semaglutide, Liraglutide, Psychiatric adverse events, Type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
The objective of this integrative review was to synthesize the current evidence regarding the relationship between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), specifically semaglutide and liraglutide, and the likelihood of experiencing psychiatric adverse events among adults who are overweight, obese, or have type 2 diabetes mellitus. An exploratory qualitative approach was adopted that included original studies published between 2020 and 2025 from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and BVS. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and included randomized clinical trials and observational cohort studies. Overall, the findings were reassuring. Most studies did not demonstrate an increased risk of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, or self-harm associated with GLP-1 RAs. Some studies even reported a protective effect when compared to other antidiabetic or anti-obesity treatments. However, one study indicated an increased risk of psychiatric outcomes, likely due to methodological limitations, such as confounding by indication. The heterogeneity of the results underscores the importance of study design and comparator selection in risk estimation. In conclusion, the current evidence does not support a causal association between GLP-1 RAs and an increased risk of psychiatric outcomes. However, continued clinical vigilance and further high-quality studies with psychiatric outcomes as the primary endpoint are warranted.
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