Associação entre consumo de bebidas energéticas e eventos cardiovasculares em adolescentes e adultos jovens

Abstract

Abstract

Energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults shows high prevalence, estimated between 30% and 68%, and is associated with increasing reports of adverse cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias, acute hypertension, syncope, and sudden cardiac death. This integrative literature review aims to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the association between energy drink consumption and cardiovascular events in individuals aged 10 to 30 years. The bibliographic search covers PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, BVS/LILACS, and SciELO databases, including publications from 2020 to 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. After screening 146 records and removing duplicates, 10 studies are selected for qualitative synthesis. Results demonstrate a consistent pattern of systolic blood pressure elevation (up to 5.23 mmHg in adolescents) and diastolic blood pressure increase after acute consumption, QTc interval prolongation of 10–25 ms, increased platelet aggregation, and reduced endothelial function. In adolescents, a higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure and stage 1 and 2 hypertension is identified in the post-ingestion period, with a sustained 24-hour blood pressure profile elevation. Co-ingestion with alcohol amplifies cardiovascular risks. It is concluded that the documented acute cardiovascular alterations, combined with the high prevalence of consumption among youth, support the need for clinical counseling, preventive measures, and discouragement of consumption by minors, especially in individuals with greater cardiovascular vulnerability.

Keywords: Energy drinks; Cardiovascular events; Adolescents; Blood pressure;