A Imunoterapia Celular: O Impacto das Células CAR-T na Medicina Moderna
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47224/revistamaster.v10i20.679Keywords:
Imunoterapia, Célula Car-T, Linfoma, Edição Genética, TratamentoAbstract
Introduction: CAR-T cells are T lymphocytes genetically modified in the laboratory to specifically recognize and destroy tumor cells. Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells has established itself as a promising innovation in the treatment of lymphomas and leukemias, representing one of the most promising fronts in personalized medicine. Objective: To analyze the application of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in the treatment of lymphomas. We seek to understand its mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, therapeutic limitations, and future prospects. Materials and methods: This is an integrative literature review, surveying studies between 2015 and 2025 in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Results: Analysis of the selected studies revealed that CAR-T cell therapy, particularly those targeting the CD19 antigen, has achieved significant remission rates in patients with aggressive and refractory B-cell lymphomas, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Several clinical trials have demonstrated complete responses in up to 40–60% of cases, even in patients who had already exhausted other lines of therapy. However, the studies also highlight important adverse events, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity, which require close monitoring. Furthermore, the high cost and limited access to technology were identified as significant barriers, especially in countries with limited hospital infrastructure. Conclusion: The literature points to CAR-T therapy as a promising alternative, with the potential to transform the treatment paradigm for lymphomas.
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